In this chapter, author spends most of time discussing about discovery, a fish know as Tiktaalik. Author also reminds us that 99 percent of all species that ever existed are extinct. And that the percentage of organisms that have been fossilized is miniscule and that only certain species will ever be fossilized because of where they lived. He also provides us an analogy by comparing animals to in fossil's layer. Shubin uses an example of a zoo to describe the nested hierarchy of living things. Shubin in this chapter also talks about correct conditions and what you need to look for when you go in fossil expedition.
Also, in this chapter Shubin asks a question "How can we visualize events that happened millions and, in many cases, billions of years ago?" Well, that could be only through fossils. In the chapter they mention about how Shubin and his team went on expedition to find out the fish (Tiktaalik), which would fit the category of "Everything with limbs" or "everything with heads." In this chapter Shubin future explains how his team went to Pennsylvania. It basically sets up all the introduction to rest of chapters.
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